Heavy metal contamination in groundwater is a major concern in Pakistan, and studies have noted the presence of weighty metals for example lead, cadmium, chromium, and nickel in several samples above the permissible limits established with the WHO [161,a hundred seventy five]. The sources of weighty metal contamination are diverse, https://gabletopcartonjuice.blogspot.com/2025/01/the-versatility-and-sustainability-of.html